Source code for baseclasses.problems.pyMission_problem

"""
pyMission_problem

Holds the Segment, Profile and Problem classes for the mission solvers.
"""

import sys
import numpy as np
import copy

from .ICAOAtmosphere import ICAOAtmosphere
from .FluidProperties import FluidProperties
from ..utils import Error


[docs]class MissionProblem: """ Mission Problem Object: This mission problem object should contain all of the information required to analyze a single mission. A mission problem is made of profiles. All profiles in a given mission problem must use consistent units. Parameters ---------- name : str A name for the mission evalFuncs : iteratble object containing strings The names of the functions the user wants evaluated for this mission problem """ def __init__(self, name, **kwargs): """ Initialize the mission problem """ self.name = name self.missionProfiles = [] self.missionSegments = [] self.funcNames = {} self.currentDVs = {} self.solveFailed = False # Check for function list: self.evalFuncs = set() if "evalFuncs" in kwargs: self.evalFuncs = set(kwargs["evalFuncs"]) self.segCounter = 1 self.solutionCounter = 0 self.states = None
[docs] def addProfile(self, profiles): """ Append a mission profile to the list. update the internal segment indices to correspond """ # Check if profile is of type MissionProfile or list, otherwise raise Error if type(profiles) == MissionProfile: profiles = [profiles] elif type(profiles) == list: pass else: raise Error("addProfile() takes in either a list of or a single MissionProfile") # Add the profiles to missionProfiles and segments to missionSegments for prof in profiles: # Check for consistent units if len(self.missionProfiles) == 0: self.englishUnits = prof.englishUnits elif prof.englishUnits != self.englishUnits: raise Error("Units are not consistent across all profiles.") self.missionProfiles.append(prof) for seg in prof.segments: self.segCounter += 1 self.missionSegments.extend([seg]) for dvName in prof.dvList: self.currentDVs[dvName] = prof.dvList[dvName].value # end return
[docs] def addVariablesPyOpt(self, pyOptProb): """ Add the current set of variables to the optProb object. Parameters ---------- optProb : pyOpt_optimization class Optimization problem definition to which variables are added """ for profile in self.missionProfiles: for dvName in profile.dvList: dv = profile.dvList[dvName] pyOptProb.addVar(dvName, "c", scale=dv.scale, value=dv.value, lower=dv.lower, upper=dv.upper) self.currentDVs[dvName] = dv.value return pyOptProb
[docs] def checkForProfileDVs(self): """ Check if design variables have been added to this mission. """ for profile in self.missionProfiles: if profile.dvList: return True return False
[docs] def setDesignVars(self, missionDVs): """ Pass the DVs to each of the profiles and have the profiles set the DVs Parameters ---------- missionDVs : dict Dictionary of variables which may or may not contain the design variable names this object needs """ # Update the set of design variable values being used for dv in self.currentDVs: if dv in missionDVs: self.currentDVs[dv] = missionDVs[dv] for profile in self.missionProfiles: profile.setDesignVars(missionDVs)
[docs] def evalDVSens(self, stepSize=1e-20): """ Evaluate the sensitivity of each of the 4 segment parameters (Mach, Alt) with respect to the design variables """ dvSens = {} # Perturbate each of the DV with complex step for dvName in self.currentDVs: tmpDV = {dvName: self.currentDVs[dvName] + stepSize * 1j} profSens = [] for profile in self.missionProfiles: profile.setDesignVars(tmpDV) profSens.extend(profile.getSegmentParameters()) profile.setDesignVars(self.currentDVs) # Replace the NaNs with 0 profSens = np.array(profSens) indNaNs = np.isnan(profSens) profSens[indNaNs] = 0.0 profSens = profSens.imag / stepSize dvSens[dvName] = profSens return dvSens
[docs] def getAltitudeCons(self, CAS, mach, alt): """ Solve for the altitude at which CAS=mach """ if type(CAS) == str and CAS in self.currentDVs: CAS = self.currentDVs[CAS] if type(mach) == str and mach in self.currentDVs: mach = self.currentDVs[mach] if type(alt) == str and alt in self.currentDVs: alt = self.currentDVs[alt] seg = self.missionSegments[0] altIntercept = seg._solveMachCASIntercept(CAS, mach) return alt - altIntercept
[docs] def getAltitudeConsSens(self, CAS, mach, alt, stepSize=1e-20): """ Solve for the altitude sensitivity at which CAS=mach """ seg = self.missionSegments[0] altSens = {} if type(CAS) == str and CAS in self.currentDVs: CASVal = self.currentDVs[CAS] dAltdCAS = seg._solveMachCASIntercept(CASVal + stepSize * 1j, mach) altSens[CAS] = -dAltdCAS.imag / stepSize if type(mach) == str and mach in self.currentDVs: machVal = self.currentDVs[mach] dAltdMach = seg._solveMachCASIntercept(CAS, machVal + stepSize * 1j) altSens[mach] = -dAltdMach.imag / stepSize if type(alt) == str and alt in self.currentDVs: altSens[alt] = 1.0 return altSens
[docs] def getNSeg(self): """ return the number of segments in the mission """ return self.segCounter - 1
[docs] def getSegments(self): """ return a list of the segments in the mission in order """ return self.missionSegments
[docs] def setUnits(self, module): """ Set the units and the gravity constant for this mission. """ module.mission_parameters.englishUnits = self.englishUnits if self.englishUnits: module.mission_parameters.g = 32.2 # ft/s/s else: module.mission_parameters.g = 9.80665 # ft/s/s
def __str__(self): """ Return a string representation of the profiles within this mission """ segCount = 1 string = "MISSION PROBLEM: %s \n" % self.name for i in range(len(self.missionProfiles)): # profTag = 'P%02d'%i string += self.missionProfiles[i].__str__(segCount) segCount += len(self.missionProfiles[i].segments) return string
[docs]class MissionProfile: """ Mission Profile Object: This Mission Profile Object contain an ordered set of segments that make up a single subsection of a mission. Start and end points of each segment in the profile are required to be continuous. """ def __init__(self, name, englishUnits=False): """ Initialize the mission profile """ self.name = name self.englishUnits = englishUnits self.segments = [] self.dvList = {} self.firstSegSet = False
[docs] def addSegments(self, segments): """ Take in a list of segments and append it to the the current list. Check for consistency while we are at it. """ # Check if profile is of type MissionProfile or list, otherwise raise Error if type(segments) == MissionSegment: segments = [segments] elif type(segments) == list: pass else: raise Error("addSegments() takes in either a list or a single MissionSegment") nSeg_Before = len(self.segments) self.segments.extend(segments) # Loop over each *new* segment in search for DVs for i in range(len(segments)): seg = segments[i] seg.setUnitSystem(self.englishUnits) seg.setDefaults(self.englishUnits) segID = i + nSeg_Before # Loop over the DVs in the segment, if any for dvName in seg.dvList: dvObj = seg.dvList[dvName] if dvObj.userDef: # Variable name should remain unchanged if dvName in self.dvList: raise Error( "User-defined design variable name " + f"{dvName} has already been added" + " to this profile." ) dvNameGlobal = dvName else: # Prepend profile name and segment ID dvNameGlobal = f"{self.name}_seg{segID}_{dvName}" # Save a reference of the DV object and set its segment ID self.dvList[dvNameGlobal] = seg.dvList[dvName] self.dvList[dvNameGlobal].setSegmentID(segID) # Propagate the segment inputs from one to next # except don't propagate from last (i=-1) to first (i=0) segment if i > 0 and seg.propagateInputs: for var in segments[i - 1].segInputs: if "final" in var: newVar = var.replace("final", "init") seg.segInputs.add(newVar) seg.determineInputs() self._checkStateConsistancy()
[docs] def setDesignVars(self, missionDVs): """ Set the variables for this mission profile Parameters ---------- missionDVs : dict Dictionary of variables which may or may not contain the design variable names this object needs """ for dvName in missionDVs: # Only concern about the DVs that are in this profile if dvName in self.dvList: dvObj = self.dvList[dvName] dvVal = missionDVs[dvName] dvType = dvObj.type # String: 'Mach', 'Alt', 'TAS', 'CAS' segID = dvObj.segID isInitVal = dvObj.isInitVal # Update the segment for which the DV object belongs to seg = self.segments[segID] updatePrev, updateNext = seg.setParameters(dvVal, dvType, isInitVal) # Update any PREVIOUS segments that depends on this DV while updatePrev and segID > 0: segID -= 1 seg = self.segments[segID] updatePrev, tmp = seg.setParameters(dvVal, dvType, isInitVal=False) # Update any FOLLOWING segments that depends on this DV segID = dvObj.segID while updateNext and segID < len(self.segments) - 1: segID += 1 seg = self.segments[segID] tmp, updateNext = seg.setParameters(dvVal, dvType, isInitVal=True) # After setting all the design variables, update the remaining segment states for seg in self.segments: seg.propagateParameters() self._checkStateConsistancy()
[docs] def getSegmentParameters(self): """ Get the 4 segment parameters from each of the segment it owns Order is [M1, h1, M2, h2] """ nSeg = len(self.segments) segParameters = np.zeros(4 * nSeg, dtype="D") for i in range(nSeg): seg = self.segments[i] segParameters[4 * i] = seg.initMach segParameters[4 * i + 1] = seg.initAlt segParameters[4 * i + 2] = seg.finalMach segParameters[4 * i + 3] = seg.finalAlt # segParameters[8*i ] = seg.initMach # segParameters[8*i+1] = seg.initAlt # segParameters[8*i+2] = seg.initCAS # segParameters[8*i+3] = seg.initTAS # segParameters[8*i+4] = seg.finalMach # segParameters[8*i+5] = seg.finalAlt # segParameters[8*i+6] = seg.finalCAS # segParameters[8*i+7] = seg.finalTAS return segParameters
def _checkStateConsistancy(self): # loop over the segments. # if it is a fuel fraction segment, skip # otherwise check if its initial parameters match the final parameters # from the previous segment, if not raise an error # if they don't exist, copy. for i in range(len(self.segments)): seg = self.segments[i] if seg.propagateInputs is False: # Segment is a fuel fraction segment nothing needs to be done pass else: if not self.firstSegSet: seg.isFirstStateSeg = True self.firstSegSet = True # end if seg.isFirstStateSeg: # this is the first segment. # Need to have at least the start alt and V or M if seg.initAlt is None: raise Error( "%s: Initial altitude must be\ specified for the first non fuel fraction\ segment in the profile" % (self.name) ) # end if (seg.initMach is None) and (seg.initCAS is None) and (seg.initTAS is None): raise Error( "%s: One of initCAS,initTAS or initMach needs to be\ specified for the first non fuelfraction\ segment in the profile" % (self.name) ) # end # Determine the remaining segment parameters (Alt, Mach, CAS, TAS) seg.propagateParameters() else: prevSeg = self.segments[i - 1] refAlt = prevSeg.finalAlt refCAS = prevSeg.finalCAS refTAS = prevSeg.finalTAS refMach = prevSeg.finalMach TASi = seg.initTAS CASi = seg.initCAS Mi = seg.initMach Alti = seg.initAlt if CASi is not None: if not CASi == refCAS: raise Error( "%s: Specified initCAS \ inconsistent with\ previous finalCAS: %f, %f \ " % (seg.phase, CASi, refCAS) ) # end else: seg.initCAS = refCAS # end if TASi is not None: if not TASi == refTAS: raise Error( "%s: Specified initTAS \ inconsistent with\ previous finalTAS: %f, %f \ " % (seg.phase, TASi, refTAS) ) # end else: seg.initTAS = refTAS # end if Alti is not None: if not Alti == refAlt: raise Error( "%s: Specified initAlt \ inconsistent with\ previous finalAlt" % (seg.phase) ) # end else: seg.initAlt = refAlt # end if Mi is not None: if not Mi == refMach: raise Error( "%s: Specified initMach \ inconsistent with\ previous finalMach" % (seg.phase) ) # end else: seg.initMach = refMach # end # Determine the remaining segment parameters (Alt, Mach, CAS, TAS) seg.propagateParameters() # end # end # end def __str__(self, segStartNum=0): """ Return a string representation of the segments within this profile """ string = "MISSION PROFILE: %s \n" % self.name for i in range(len(self.segments)): # segTag = '%sS%02d'%(idTag,i) string += self.segments[i].__str__(segStartNum + i) return string
[docs]class MissionSegment: """ Mission Segment Object: This is the basic building block of the mission solver. Parameters ---------- phase : str Segment type selector valid options include """ def __init__(self, phase, **kwargs): # have to have a phase type self.phase = phase # These are the parameters that can be simply set directly in the class. paras = { "initMach", "initAlt", "initCAS", "initTAS", "finalMach", "finalAlt", "finalCAS", "finalTAS", "fuelFraction", "rangeFraction", "segTime", "engType", "throttle", "nIntervals", "residualclimbrate", "descentrate", "climbtdratio", "descenttdratio", } # By default everything is None for para in paras: setattr(self, para, None) # Set default number of intervals self.nIntervals = 4 # Any matching key from kwargs that is in 'paras' for key in kwargs: if key in paras: setattr(self, key, kwargs[key]) # identify the possible design variables based on what parameters # have been set varFuncs = ["initMach", "initAlt", "initTAS", "initCAS", "finalMach", "finalAlt", "finalCAS", "finalTAS"] self.possibleDVs = set() self.segInputs = set() for var in varFuncs: if getattr(self, var) is not None: self.possibleDVs.add(var) self.segInputs.add(var) # propagateInputs should be true for everything # except fuelFraction and fixedThrottle segments self.propagateInputs = True if self.fuelFraction is not None or self.throttle is not None: self.propagateInputs = False # Storage of DVs self.dvList = {} if self.phase.lower() in ["cvelclimb", "cveldescent"]: self.constMachDV = False self.constVelDV = True self.constAltDV = False elif self.phase.lower() in ["cmachclimb", "cmachdescent"]: self.constMachDV = True self.constVelDV = False self.constAltDV = False elif self.phase.lower() in ["cruise", "loiter"]: self.constMachDV = True self.constVelDV = True self.constAltDV = True elif self.phase.lower() in ["acceleratedcruise", "deceleratedcruise"]: self.constMachDV = False self.constVelDV = False self.constAltDV = True else: self.constMachDV = False self.constVelDV = False self.constAltDV = False self.isFirstStateSeg = False return def setUnitSystem(self, englishUnits): self.atm = ICAOAtmosphere(englishUnits=englishUnits) fluidProps = FluidProperties(englishUnits=englishUnits) self.R = fluidProps.R self.gamma = fluidProps.gamma def setDefaults(self, englishUnits): # Set default climb/descent rates and td ratios if self.residualclimbrate is None: if englishUnits: self.residualclimbrate = 300.0 / 60.0 else: self.residualclimbrate = 300.0 / 60.0 * 0.3048 if self.descentrate is None: if englishUnits: self.descentrate = -2000.0 / 60.0 else: self.descentrate = -2000.0 / 60.0 * 0.3048 if self.climbtdratio is None: self.climbtdratio = 1.1 if self.descenttdratio is None: self.descenttdratio = 0.5
[docs] def determineInputs(self): """ Determine which of the four parameters (h, M, CAS, TAS) are inputs, which can be updated directly by the DV. For each end, there should be two inputs. At this point, the two beginning inputs should already be determined during initalization or by the MissionProfile. """ # Check there are two inputs for the segment start count = 0 for var in self.segInputs: if "init" in var: count += 1 if count < 2 and self.fuelFraction is None: raise Error( "%s: There does not appear to be two inputs at the \ start of this segment" % self.phase ) elif count > 2 and self.fuelFraction is None: raise Error( "%s: There appears to be more than two inputs at the \ start of this segment, may not be consistent" % self.phase ) # If there are two inputs for the segment end, done; # otherwise determine based on start count = 0 for var in self.segInputs: if "final" in var: count += 1 if count == 2: return elif count > 2: raise Error( "%s: There appears to be more than two inputs at the \ start of this segment, may not be consistent" % self.phase ) else: # For any segment with constant Mach, CAS, or altitude... if "cmach" in self.phase.lower(): self.segInputs.add("finalMach") elif "cvel" in self.phase.lower(): self.segInputs.add("finalCAS") elif "cruise" in self.phase.lower() or self.phase.lower() == "loiter": self.segInputs.add("finalAlt") # For cruise segments, copy the initial speeds to final if self.phase.lower() == "cruise" or self.phase.lower() == "loiter": if "initMach" in self.segInputs: self.segInputs.add("finalMach") elif "initCAS" in self.segInputs: self.segInputs.add("finalCAS") elif "initTAS" in self.segInputs: self.segInputs.add("finalTAS")
# # For set throttle segment types # if self.throttle != None: # if 'finalMach' not in self.segInputs and 'initMach' in self.segInputs: # self.segInputs.add('finalMach') # if 'finalAlt' not in self.segInputs and 'initAlt' in self.segInputs: # self.segInputs.add('finalAlt') # if 'finalCAS' not in self.segInputs and 'initCAS' in self.segInputs: # self.segInputs.add('finalCAS') # if 'finalTAS' not in self.segInputs and 'initTAS' in self.segInputs: # self.segInputs.add('finalTAS') """ def _syncMachVAndAlt(self,endPoint='start'): # get speed of sound at initial point if endPoint.lower()=='start': CAS = getattr(self,'initCAS') TAS = getattr(self,'initTAS') M = getattr(self,'initMach') h = getattr(self,'initAlt') CASTag = 'initCAS' TASTag = 'initTAS' machTag = 'initMach' altTag = 'initAlt' elif endPoint.lower()=='end': TAS = getattr(self,'finalTAS') CAS = getattr(self,'finalCAS') M = getattr(self,'finalMach') h = getattr(self,'finalAlt') CASTag = 'finalCAS' TASTag = 'finalTAS' machTag = 'finalMach' altTag = 'finalAlt' else: # invalid endpoint raise Error('%s: _syncMachAndV, invalid endPoint:\ %s'%(self.phase,endPoint)) # end if h is None: # initial altitude is missing calculate from M and V h = self._solveMachCASIntercept(CAS, M) setattr(self,altTag,h) # end a = self._getSoundSpeed(h) P,T,Rho = self._getPTRho(h) if not (CAS is None and TAS is None): # Specified either (h,CAS) or (h,TAS) if CAS is None: CAS = self._TAS2CAS(TAS,h) setattr(self,CASTag,CAS) elif TAS is None: TAS= self._CAS2TAS(CAS,h) setattr(self,TASTag,TAS) # end MCalc = TAS/a if not M is None: if not abs(MCalc-M)<1e-11: raise Error('%s: _syncMachAndV, Specified V \ inconsistent with specified M: \ %f %f %s'%(self.phase, M, MCalc, endPoint)) # end else: setattr(self,machTag,MCalc) # end else: # Specified (M,h) TAS = M*a CAS = self._TAS2CAS(TAS,h) setattr(self,TASTag,TAS) setattr(self,CASTag,CAS) # end """
[docs] def propagateParameters(self): """ Set the final V,M,h base on initial values and segType. """ if self.propagateInputs is False: # A FuelFraction type segment, nothing to propagate return elif self.phase.lower() in ["cruise", "loiter"]: # Given M, CAS, or TAS, calculate the other two speeds self._calculateSpeed(endPoint="start") # take everything from init and copy to final self.finalAlt = self.initAlt self.finalCAS = self.initCAS self.finalTAS = self.initTAS self.finalMach = self.initMach elif self.phase.lower() in ["acceleratedcruise", "deceleratedcruise"]: self.finalAlt = self.initAlt self._calculateSpeed(endPoint="start") self._calculateSpeed(endPoint="end") elif self.phase.lower() in ["cvelclimb", "cveldescent"]: # Requires either (v, hi, hf), (v, hi, Mf), or (v, Mi, hf) self.finalCAS = self.initCAS if {"initCAS", "initAlt", "finalAlt"}.issubset(self.segInputs): # (v, hi, hf): Solve for the TAS and then for Mach self._calculateSpeed(endPoint="start") self._calculateSpeed(endPoint="end") elif {"initCAS", "initAlt", "finalMach"}.issubset(self.segInputs): # (v, hi, Mf): Solve for finalAlt and then TAS self.finalAlt = self._solveMachCASIntercept(self.initCAS, self.finalMach) self.finalTAS = self._CAS2TAS(self.finalCAS, self.finalAlt) self.initTAS = self._CAS2TAS(self.initCAS, self.initAlt) a = self._getSoundSpeed(self.initAlt) self.initMach = self.initTAS / a elif {"initCAS", "initMach", "finalAlt"}.issubset(self.segInputs): # (v, Mi, hf): Solve for initAlt and then TAS self.initAlt = self._solveMachCASIntercept(self.initCAS, self.initMach) self.initTAS = self._CAS2TAS(self.initCAS, self.initAlt) self.finalTAS = self._CAS2TAS(self.finalCAS, self.finalAlt) a = self._getSoundSpeed(self.finalAlt) self.finalMach = self.finalTAS / a else: raise Error("%s", self.phase) elif self.phase.lower() in ["cmachclimb", "cmachdescent"]: # Requires either (M, hi, hf), (M, vi, hf), or (M, hi, vf) self.finalMach = self.initMach if {"initMach", "initAlt", "finalAlt"}.issubset(self.segInputs): # (M, hi, hf): Solve for the TAS and then CAS self._calculateSpeed(endPoint="start") self._calculateSpeed(endPoint="end") elif {"initMach", "initCAS", "finalAlt"}.issubset(self.segInputs): # (M, vi, hf): Solve for initAlt and then initTAS, finalTAS then finalCAS self.initAlt = self._solveMachCASIntercept(self.initCAS, self.initMach) self.initTAS = self._CAS2TAS(self.initCAS, self.initAlt) a = self._getSoundSpeed(self.finalAlt) self.finalTAS = self.finalMach * a self.finalCAS = self._TAS2CAS(self.finalTAS, self.finalAlt) elif {"initMach", "initAlt", "finalCAS"}.issubset(self.segInputs): # (M, hi, vf): Solve for finalAlt and then finalTAS, initTAS then initCAS self.finalAlt = self._solveMachCASIntercept(self.finalCAS, self.finalMach) self.finalTAS = self._CAS2TAS(self.finalCAS, self.finalAlt) a = self._getSoundSpeed(self.initAlt) self.initTAS = self.initMach * a self.initCAS = self._TAS2CAS(self.initTAS, self.initAlt) else: raise Error("%s", self.phase) else: self._calculateSpeed(endPoint="start") self._calculateSpeed(endPoint="end") """ elif self.phase.lower() in ['cvelclimb','climb_cvel']: # we require that Vi,hi and Mf are specified # calculate hf from Vi and Mf self.finalCAS = self.initCAS #solve for h given M and V CAS = getattr(self,'finalCAS') M = getattr(self,'finalMach') finalAlt = self._solveMachCASIntercept(CAS, M) TAS = self._CAS2TAS(CAS,finalAlt) setattr(self,'finalAlt',finalAlt) setattr(self,'finalTAS',TAS) elif self.phase.lower() in ['cmachclimb','climb_cmach']: # we require that Mi,hg and Vi are specified # calculate hi from Vi and Mf CAS = getattr(self,'initCAS') M = getattr(self,'initMach') setattr(self,'finalMach',M) initAlt = self._solveMachCASIntercept(CAS, M) setattr(self,'initAlt',initAlt) TAS = self._CAS2TAS(CAS,initAlt) setattr(self,'initTAS',TAS) elif self.phase.lower() in ['cmachdescent','descent_cmach']: # use final CAS and init Mach (copied to final Mach) # to calculate the intersection altitude of the M and # CAS values CAS = getattr(self,'finalCAS') M = getattr(self,'initMach') setattr(self,'finalMach',M) finalAlt = self._solveMachCASIntercept(CAS, M) setattr(self,'finalAlt',finalAlt) TAS = self._CAS2TAS(CAS,finalAlt) setattr(self,'finalTAS',TAS) elif self.phase.lower() in ['cveldescent','descent_cvel']: # copy CAS directly, then compute TAS and M from CAS # and h CAS = getattr(self,'initCAS') setattr(self,'finalCAS',CAS) finalAlt = getattr(self,'finalAlt') TAS = self._CAS2TAS(CAS,finalAlt) a = self._getSoundSpeed(finalAlt) M = TAS/a setattr(self,'finalTAS',TAS) setattr(self,'finalMach',M) # end """
def _calculateSpeed(self, endPoint="start"): """ This assumes that the altitude and one of three speeds (CAS, TAS, or Mach) are given, and calculates the other two speeds. """ if endPoint.lower() == "start": CASTag = "initCAS" TASTag = "initTAS" machTag = "initMach" altTag = "initAlt" elif endPoint.lower() == "end": CASTag = "finalCAS" TASTag = "finalTAS" machTag = "finalMach" altTag = "finalAlt" else: # invalid endpoint raise Error( "%s: _calculateSpeed, invalid endPoint:\ %s" % (self.phase, endPoint) ) CAS = getattr(self, CASTag) TAS = getattr(self, TASTag) mach = getattr(self, machTag) alt = getattr(self, altTag) # Given M, CAS, or TAS, calculate the other two speeds if alt is None: sys.exit(0) a = self._getSoundSpeed(alt) if CASTag in self.segInputs: TAS = self._CAS2TAS(CAS, alt) mach = TAS / a elif TASTag in self.segInputs: CAS = self._TAS2CAS(TAS, alt) mach = TAS / a elif machTag in self.segInputs: TAS = mach * a CAS = self._TAS2CAS(TAS, alt) setattr(self, CASTag, CAS) setattr(self, TASTag, TAS) setattr(self, machTag, mach) setattr(self, altTag, alt) def _getSoundSpeed(self, alt): """ compute the speed of sound at this altitude """ # evaluate the atmosphere model P, T = self.atm(alt) a = np.sqrt(self.gamma * self.R * T) return copy.copy(a) def _getPTRho(self, alt): """ compute the pressure at this altitude """ # evaluate the atmosphere model P, T = self.atm(alt) rho = P / (self.R * T) return P, T, rho def _solveMachCASIntercept(self, CAS, mach, initAlt=3048.0): # TAS: True Air speed # CAS: Calibrated air speed # Simple Newton's method to solve for the altitude at which # CAS=mach alt = initAlt dAlt = 1e1 res = 1.0 while abs(res) > 1e-12: a = self._getSoundSpeed(alt) TAS = self._CAS2TAS(CAS, alt) M = TAS / a res = M - mach a = self._getSoundSpeed(alt + dAlt) TAS = self._CAS2TAS(CAS, alt + dAlt) M2 = TAS / a res2 = M2 - mach df = (res2 - res) / dAlt if abs(res / df) < 1000.0: alt -= res / df else: alt -= (1.0 / 2.0) * res / df # end return alt def _TAS2CAS(self, TAS, h): # get sea level properties P0, T0, rho0 = self._getPTRho(0) # get the properties at the current altitude a = self._getSoundSpeed(h) P, T, rho = self._getPTRho(h) # compute the ratios at for the static atmospheric states PRatio = P / P0 RhoRatio = rho / rho0 # Convert the TAS to EAS EAS = TAS * np.sqrt(RhoRatio) # Evaluate the current M based on TAS M = TAS / a # Evaluate the Calibrated air speed, CAS term1 = (1.0 / 8.0) * (1 - PRatio) * M**2 term2 = (3.0 / 640.0) * (1 - 10 * PRatio + 9 * PRatio**2) * M**4 ECTerm = 1 + term1 + term2 CAS = EAS * ECTerm return CAS def _CAS2TAS(self, CAS, h): # TAS: True air speed a0 = self._getSoundSpeed(0) P0, T0, rho0 = self._getPTRho(0) a = self._getSoundSpeed(h) P, T, rho = self._getPTRho(h) # Source: http://williams.best.vwh.net/avform.htm#Intro # Differential pressure: Units of CAS and a0 must be consistent DP = P0 * ((1 + 0.2 * (CAS / a0) ** 2) ** (7.0 / 2.0) - 1) # impact pressure M = np.sqrt(5 * ((DP / P + 1) ** (2.0 / 7.0) - 1)) if M > 1: raise Error( "%s_CAS2TAS: The current mission class is\ limited to subsonic missions: %f %f" % (self.phase, M, CAS) ) # M_diff = 1.0 # while M_diff > 1e-4: # # computing Mach number in a supersonic compressible flow by using the # # Rayleigh Supersonic Pitot equation using parameters for air # M_new = 0.88128485 * np.sqrt((DP/P + 1) * (1 - 1/(7*M**2))**2.5) # M_diff = abs(M_new - M) # M = M_new TAS = M * a return TAS
[docs] def setMissionData(self, module, segTypeDict, engTypeDict, idx, segIdx): """ set the data for the current segment in the fortran module """ h1 = self.initAlt if h1 is None: h1 = 0.0 h2 = self.finalAlt if h2 is None: h2 = 0.0 M1 = self.initMach if M1 is None: M1 = 0.0 M2 = self.finalMach if M2 is None: M2 = 0.0 deltaTime = self.segTime if deltaTime is None: deltaTime = 0.0 # end rangeFraction = self.rangeFraction if rangeFraction is None: rangeFraction = 1.0 # end # Get the fuel-fraction, if provided, then segment is a generic fuel fraction type fuelFraction = self.fuelFraction throttle = self.throttle if fuelFraction is None and throttle is None: segTypeID = segTypeDict[self.phase.lower()] fuelFraction = 0.0 throttle = 0.0 elif fuelFraction is not None: segTypeID = segTypeDict["fuelFraction"] throttle = 0.0 elif throttle is not None: segTypeID = segTypeDict["fixedThrottle"] fuelFraction = 0.0 # end # Get the engine type and ensure the engine type is defined in engTypeDict if self.engType not in engTypeDict and self.engType is not None: raise Error(f"engType {self.engType} defined in segment {self.phase} not defined in engTypeDict") if self.engType is None: self.engType = "None" engTypeID = engTypeDict[self.engType] module.setmissionsegmentdata( idx, segIdx, h1, h2, M1, M2, deltaTime, fuelFraction, throttle, rangeFraction, segTypeID, engTypeID, self.nIntervals, self.residualclimbrate, self.descentrate, self.climbtdratio, self.descenttdratio, )
[docs] def addDV(self, paramKey, lower=-1e20, upper=1e20, scale=1.0, name=None): """ Add one of the class attributes as a mission design variable. Typical variables are mach or velocity and altitude An error will be given if the requested DV is not allowed to be added . Parameters ---------- dvName : str Name used by the optimizer for this variables. paramKey : str Name of variable to add. See above for possible ones value : float. Default is None Initial value for variable. If not given, current value of the attribute will be used. lower : float. Default is None Optimization lower bound. Default is unbonded. upper : float. Default is None Optimization upper bound. Default is unbounded. scale : float. Default is 1.0 Set scaling parameter for the optimization to use. name : str. Default is None Overwrite the name of this variable. This is typically only used when the user wishes to have multiple aeroProblems to explictly use the same design variable. Examples -------- >>> # Add initMach variable with typical bounds >>> seg.addDV('initMach', value=0.75, lower=0.0, upper=1.0, scale=1.0) """ # First check if we are allowed to add the DV: if paramKey not in self.possibleDVs: raise Error( "The DV '%s' could not be added. Potential DVs MUST\ be specified when the missionSegment class is created. \ For example, if you want initMach as a design variable \ (...,initMach=value, ...) must\ be given. The list of possible DVs are: %s." % (paramKey, repr(self.possibleDVs)) ) if name is None: dvName = paramKey userDef = False else: dvName = name userDef = True value = getattr(self, paramKey) # Remove 'init' or 'final' from paramKey and set to dvType dvType = paramKey.replace("init", "").replace("final", "") if "init" in paramKey: isInitVal = True elif "final" in paramKey: isInitVal = False self.dvList[dvName] = SegmentDV(dvType, isInitVal, value, lower, upper, scale, userDef)
[docs] def setParameters(self, value, paramType, isInitVal): """ Design variable handling, where 'initMach' will be of paramType='Mach' and isInitVal=True, and the finalMach will be automatically adjusted if needed. Also determines if the previous or next segment will be affect as well """ # Determine whether the following or previous segment needs to be updated if isInitVal: key = "init" + paramType updatePrev = True if paramType == "Mach": updateNext = self.constMachDV elif paramType == "Alt": updateNext = self.constAltDV elif paramType == "CAS" or paramType == "TAS": updateNext = self.constVelDV else: key = "final" + paramType updateNext = True if paramType == "Mach": updatePrev = self.constMachDV elif paramType == "Alt": updatePrev = self.constAltDV elif paramType == "CAS" or paramType == "TAS": updatePrev = self.constVelDV # Update the value in the current segment setattr(self, key, value) # If this segment has a constant value, update the init/final value if isInitVal and updateNext: key = "final" + paramType setattr(self, key, value) elif (not isInitVal) and updatePrev: key = "init" + paramType setattr(self, key, value) return updatePrev, updateNext
def __str__(self, segNum=None): """ Return a string representation of the states in this segment """ # if len(idTag) > 0: # idTag = ' --- %s'%idTag if segNum is None: idTag = "" else: idTag = "%02d:" % segNum # Putting the states into an array automatically convert Nones to nans states = np.zeros([2, 4]) states[0, :] = [self.initAlt, self.initMach, self.initCAS, self.initTAS] states[1, :] = [self.finalAlt, self.finalMach, self.finalCAS, self.finalTAS] if self.fuelFraction is None: fuelFrac = self.fuelFraction else: fuelFrac = np.nan string = f"{idTag:>3} {self.phase:>18} " string += "{:>8} {:>8} {:>8} {:>8} {:>8} \n".format("Alt", "Mach", "CAS", "TAS", "FuelFrac") string += "{:>22} {:8.2f} {:8.6f} {:8.4f} {:8.4f} {:8.4f} \n".format( "", states[0, 0], states[0, 1], states[0, 2], states[0, 3], fuelFrac, ) string += "{:>22} {:8.2f} {:8.6f} {:8.4f} {:8.4f} \n".format( "", states[1, 0], states[1, 1], states[1, 2], states[1, 3] ) return string
class SegmentDV: """ A container storing information regarding a mission profile variable. """ def __init__(self, dvType, isInitVal, value, lower, upper, scale=1.0, userDef=False): self.type = dvType # String: 'Mach', 'Alt', 'TAS', 'CAS' self.isInitVal = isInitVal # Boolean: self.value = value self.lower = lower self.upper = upper self.scale = scale self.userDef = userDef self.segID = -1 # The segment ID this DV obj was initalized # self.offset = offset def setSegmentID(self, ID): """ Set the segment ID in which this DV belongs to within the profile """ self.segID = ID